Parity Complex algorithms can now be implemented more easily thanks to quantum computers.
Parity Complex algorithms can now be implemented more easily thanks to quantum computers:- Quantum bits (qubits) serve as both a memory and a processing unit in a quantum computer. Since quantum information cannot be replicated, it cannot be kept in a memory like that of a traditional computer. This constraint implies that all qubits in a quantum computer must be capable of interaction. This still represents a considerable barrier to the creation of potent quantum computers. In 2015, theoretical physicist Wolfgang Lechner, along with Philipp Hauke and Peter Zoller, proposed a unique architecture for a quantum computer as a solution to this problem. After the authors, this architecture is now referred to as the LHZ architecture.
Originally, according to Wolfgang Lechner of the Department of Theoretical Physics at the University of Innsbruck in Austria, “this architecture was created for optimization issues.” “In the process, we minimised the architecture to handle these optimization difficulties as effectively as feasible,” the author writes.
Instead of encoding individual bits, the physical qubits in this architecture encode the relative coordination between the bits.
This means that not every qubit is required to interact with one another, according to Wolfgang Lechner. He has now demonstrated with his team that this parity notion is appropriate for a universal quantum computer.
Complex processes are streamlined
On a single qubit, parity computers can conduct operations between two or more qubits. According to Michael Fellner from Wolfgang Lechner’s team, “Such operations are already very well implemented on a modest scale by existing quantum computers.”
However, the complexity of implementing these gate operations rises as the number of qubits does.
The Innsbruck researchers now demonstrate that parity computers can, for instance, perform quantum Fourier transformations – a fundamental component of many quantum algorithms – with noticeably fewer computation steps and thus more quickly. They do this in two publications in Physical Review Letters and Physical Review A.
Because of our architecture’s strong parallelism, Fellner continues, “for example, the well-known Shor method for factoring integers may be done very efficiently.”
Mistake correction in two stages
The novel idea also provides mistake correction that is hardware-efficient. Quantum computers must constantly rectify faults because quantum systems are extremely sensitive to perturbations. The need for many more qubits arises from the necessity of devoting substantial resources to the protection of quantum information.
According to Anette Messinger and Kilian Ender, two other members of the Innsbruck research team, “Our model runs with a two-stage error correction, one sort of error (bit flip error or phase error) being prohibited by the hardware utilised.” On several platforms, there are already preliminary experimental methods for this.
According to Messinger and Ender, “the other type of problem can be recognised and remedied using the software.” This would make it possible to create the next generation of universal quantum computers with reasonable effort. Wolfgang Lechner and Magdalena Hauser’s spin-off company, ParityQC, is already working in Innsbruck with partners from business and science on potential applications of the new paradigm.
References: “Universal Parity Quantum Computing,” published in Physical Review Letters on October 27, 2022 by Michael Fellner, Anette Messinger, Kilian Ender, and Wolfgang Lechner
Reference: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.129.180503
Physical Review A, 27 October 2022, “Applications of universal parity quantum computation,” by Michael Fellner, Anette Messinger, Kilian Ender, and Wolfgang Lechner. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevA.106.042442
The Austrian Science Fund and the Austrian Research Promotion Agency provided funding for the study.